Publications

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Literature Reviews 

Ambrotose^® product constituents
    • Basic Science

Ambrotose^® products
    • Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials
    • Human Open-Label Trials
    • In Vitro Studies

Ambrotose AO^® capsules
    • Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials
    • Human Open-Label Trials

BounceBack^® capsules
    • Human Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

EMPACT™ Sports Drink
    • Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

OsoLean^® powder
    • Human Open-Label Trial
    • Human Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Arm Study

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Literature Reviews

Mannatech scientists review the literature regarding the ability of oral polysaccharides to promote brain function and behavior.

Nelson ED, Ramberg JE, Sinnott RA (2011) A review of human and animal studies assessing the effects of oral polysaccharides on cognitive function and mood. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine’s 8th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 13–16.

Mannatech scientists review the literature regarding the immunomodulatory effects of orally ingested polysaccharides.

Ramberg JE, Nelson ED, Sinnott RA (2010) Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature. Nutr J, 9 (54):1-60. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-9-54.
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Ramberg JE, Nelson ED, Sinnott RA (2010)  Immunomodulatory polysaccharides: A review of human oral studies. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine’s 7th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, La Jolla, California. January 21-24.

Dr. Robert Murray, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the University of Toronto, Canada, and Mannatech scientists review the literature regarding possible mechanisms of action for glyconutrients. 

Murray  RK, Sinnott R, Ramberg J, et al. (2006) Recent dietary carbohydrate utilization research provides insights into the health effects of glyconutritional supplements. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine’s 3rd Annual Natural Supplements Conference, La Jolla, California. January 20-22.

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Ambrotose^® product constituents

Basic Science

Mannatech sponsored this research, conducted by outside experts, to determine the chemical profile (MW and total carbohydrate and protein content) and carbohydrate composition (total sugars and free sugars) of aloe vera powder, aloe vera extract, larch arabinogalactan, and Undaria pinatifida extract. 

Luta G, Duncan C, Sinnott R (2009) Chemical characterization of polysaccharide-rich ingredients from Aloe vera, Larix laricina and Larix occidentalis, and Undaria pinatifida. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine's 6th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 22-25.

Mannatech scientists conducted this test tube study to better understand the breakdown of Ambrotose^® products’ constituent polysaccharides in the gut. They reported which GI tract bacterial glycosylhydrolases could break down aloe vera powder and Undaria pinnatifida extract (in Advanced Ambrotose^® products), aloe vera extract (in Ambrotose^® complex), and larch arabinogalactan, gum ghatti and gum tragacanth (in both Ambrotose^® products). 

Duncan CL, Luta G, Ramberg J, et al. (2009) Intestinal microbiota's naturally occurring enzymes and their effects on plant polysaccharide digestion. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine's 6th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 22-25.

Mannatech scientists conducted this study, showing that the processing of aloe vera gel significantly impacts its saccharide composition and molecular weight and particle size distributions. These changes, which likely affect product quality and efficacy, suggest that dietary supplement GMPs will not adequately control aloe gel product quality.

Duncan C, Ramberg J, Sinnott R (2008) Striking differences in aloe vera gel carbohydrate composition, molecular weight and particle size distributions following processing will not be addressed by dietary supplement GMPs. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine’s 5th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 17-20.

Dr. John Kalns and colleagues (Hyperion Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX) developed an in vitro method that showed promise in predicting the immunostimulatory properties of different aloe vera gel preparations.*

Kalns J, Kirchner J, Ebong S, Oubre C (2007) A sensitive in vitro method for evaluation of immunostimulatory properties of natural products. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine’s 4th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, La Jolla, California. January 19-21.

Bonakdar RA (2007) Report on the 4th Annual Natural Supplements Research Competition. J Alt Comp Med 13, 686-87.

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Ambrotose^® products

Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Dr. Talitha Best (University of South Australia [UniSA] and Swinburne University of Technology), Associate Professor Eva Kemps (Flinders University) and Dr. Janet Bryan (UniSA) showed that, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving more than 100 healthy adults, individuals who consumed Ambrotose^® complex powder reported numerous health and well-being benefits following 12 weeks of intake, compared with subjects taking a placebo. Gastrointestinal effects were also among the perceived benefits reported by individuals who consumed Ambrotose complex powder.*

Best T, Kemps E, Bryan J (2011) Perceived changes in well-being following polysaccharide intake in middle-aged adults. Applied Res Qual Life, DOI 10.1007/s11482-011-9158-2.
The final publication is available at springerlink.com. Read publication

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Dr. Talitha Best and colleagues from the University of South Australia and Swinburne University of Technology showed that, shortly after taking a single 4-gram serving of classic Ambrotose^® complex powder, healthy adults experienced significantly improved memory and performed significantly better on demanding cognitive tasks. The product had no effect on blood glucose levels.*

Best T, Howe P, Bryan J, Buckley J, Scholey A (2011) Plant polysaccharides, memory and cognition in middle-aged adults. Presented at the 38th Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference in Auckland, New Zealand, April 28–30, 2011.

Dr. Talitha Best (Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia) showed, in a trial of 109 healthy middle-aged male and female adults, that Ambrotose^® complex powder (4 grams/day for 12 weeks) significantly improved memory and improved psychological well-being.*

Best T, Kemps E, Bryan J (2010) Saccharide effects on cognition and well-being in middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Neuropsychology 35(1):66-80.

Drs. Atiya N. Stancil and Leslie H. Hicks, both of Howard University in Washington, D.C., published this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the impact of Ambrotose^® complex on the brain function of 62 healthy young adults. The study showed that a single, one-tablespoon serving of Ambrotose complex significantly improved visual discrimination and working memory.

Stancil AN, Hicks LH (2009) Glyconutrients and perception, cognition, and memory. Perceptual Mot Skills 10:259-270.

Dr. Talitha Best (Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia) showed that, in a trial of 45 middle-aged male and female subjects, a single 7 gram serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder improved memory.* (Note: this serving is 1.75 times the recommended dose [4 grams/day] for this product).

Best T (2005) An investigation of saccharide effects on memory performance. Abstracts of the 12th Annual Australian Psch Conf 57:41-78.

Drs. Chenghua Wang (Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada), Joanne Szabo (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, ARK) and Roscoe Dykman (Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, ARK) showed, in a study of 20 healthy adults, that a one tablespoon serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder enhanced brainwave frequencies known to be associated with attention or alertness.*

Wang C, Szabo JS, Dykman RA (2004) Effects of a carbohydrate supplement upon resting brain activity. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 39:126-138.

Drs. Chenghua Wang and R.T. Pivik (University of Arkansas, Little Rock, ARK) showed, in a study of 20 healthy adults, that a one tablespoon serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder improved mental reaction time and enhanced concentration.*

Wang C, Pivik RT, Dykman RA (2002)  Effects of a glyconutritional supplement on brain potentials associated with language processing. Federation Proceedings: Experimental Biology Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana. April 20-24.

Human Open-Label Trials

In an open-label human dosing study, Dr. Azita Alavi, a Research Fellow at the Sir Joseph Hotung Centre for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s University of London, U.K. and colleagues showed that intake of Advanced Ambrotose^® powder resulted in a significant shift towards increased sialylation in the N-glycosylation profile of the serum of healthy adults. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which has shown that dietary changes can affect serum glycosylation profiles. Co–authors include St. George’s University researchers Professor John Axford, Dr. Edward Tarelli and Dr. Owen Fraser, and Professor Martin Bland, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK.

Alavi A, Fraser O, Tarelli E, Bland M, Axford J. (2011) An open-label dosing study to evaluate the safety and effects of a dietary plant-derived polysaccharide supplement on the N-glycosylation status of serum glycoproteins in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr, 1-9.
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In Vitro Studies

Drs. Massimo Marzorati and Sam Possemiers (University of Ghent and ProDigest, Ghent, Belgium) and their colleagues employed state‐of‐the‐art human gastrointestinal tract simulations and microbiological analyses to show that Ambrotose^® complex and Advanced Ambrotose^® powder exerted positive prebiotic effects.* Both products exhibited good selective fermentability throughout the entire colon and positive and selective bifidogenic effects. They also demonstrated the possibility of enhancing species belonging to Bacteroidetes, a phylum recently associated with body weight management.*

Marzorati M, Verhelst A, Luta G et al. (2010) In vitro modulation of the human gastrointestinal microbial community by plant-derived polysaccharide-rich dietary supplements. Int J Food Microbiol 139(3):168-76.
Read abstract

Dr. John Kalns and colleagues (Hyperion Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX) conducted an in vitro study demonstrating that human fecal bacteria can partially break down Advanced Ambrotose^® powder and two of its constituents (aloe vera gel polysaccharides and arabinogalactan). Bacteria identified that could best compete for these polysaccharides were Enterococcus species (a species that is a popular probiotic in some countries).

Sinnott RA, Kalns JE, Boyd S et al. (2007) Human colonic bacteria can utilize the large polysaccharides of aloe vera gel and arabinogalactan polysaccharides as their only carbon source. Presented at the 107th American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Toronto, Canada. May 21-25.

Sinnott RA, Ramberg J, Kirchner JM, et al.  (2007) Utilization of arabinogalactan, aloe vera gel polysaccharides, and a mixed saccharide dietary supplement by human colonic bacteria in vitro . Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2:97-104.

Bonakdar RA (2007) Report on the 4th Annual Natural Supplements Research Competition. J Alt Comp Med 13:686.

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Ambrotose AO^® capsules

Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

In a 21-day randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial of 25 healthy adults, scientists from the University of Memphis showed that Ambrotose AO capsules significantly increased two measures of antioxidant capacity in the blood: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC).* 

Bloomer RJ, Canale RE, Blankenship MM, Fisher-Wellman KH. (2010) Effect of Ambrotose AO^® on resting and exercise-induced antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in healthy adults. Nutrition Journal, 9:49. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-9-49.
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McCarthy CG, Canale RE, Fisher‐Wellman KH, Bloomer RJ (2010) Effect of blended antioxidant supplement on resting and exercise‐induced antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. Presented at the American College of Sports Medicineʹs 57th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2–5.

Human Open-Label Trials

In a five-week combined Phase 1 and 2 open label, forced titration dose response study of 21 healthy adults, physicians and scientists from Australia and New Zealand showed that four capsules/day of the Ambrotose AO^® dietary supplement appear to be safe and raised serum oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) by 36.6%.*

Myers SP, Stevenson L, Cheras PA, et al. (2010) A forced titration study of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Ambrotose AO supplement. BMC Comp Alt Med 10, doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-16.

Mannatech scientists and an independent statistician showed, in pilot study of 12 healthy adults, that 2 capsules/day Ambrotose AO^® capsules increased serum ORAC (a measure of antioxidant protection) by 37.4% compared with baseline (before supplementation) serum ORAC values.*

Boyd S, Gary K, Koepke, et al. (2003) An open-label pilot study of the antioxidant effect in healthy people of Ambrotose AO . GlycoScience & Nutrition 4:1-6.

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BounceBack^® capsules

Human Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Dr. Jay Udani (UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California and Medicus Research LLC, Northridge, California), and Drs. Betsy Singh, Vijay Singh and Elizabeth Sandoval (Medicus Research LLC) showed that 10 healthy adults experienced reduced pain and tenderness following eccentric exercise after 30 days of supplementation with BounceBack^® capsules (2 /day).*

Udani J, Singh B, Singh V (2009) BounceBack capsules for reduction of DOMS after eccentric exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 6(14):1-6.

Udani J, Singh B, Singh V, Sandoval E (2008) Effect of a combination dietary supplement product (BounceBack) on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness after eccentric exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. Poster presentation at the 5th Annual International Society of Sports Nutrition Conference, June 8-10, Las Vegas, Nevada.

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EMPACT™ Sports Drink

Human Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Dr. Allyn Byars (Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX), Dr. Susan Keith (Angelo State University) and their colleagues showed that a single serving of creatine-free EM•PACT sports drink significantly improved subjects’ maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), time to exhaustion and percentage estimated non-protein fat substrate utilization [1].

Byars A, Keith S, Simpson W, et al. (2010) The influence of a pre-exercise sports drink (PRX) on factors related to maximal aerobic performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7:1-6.

Byars A, Keith S, Snowden S (2009) The influence of a pre-exercise sports drink on indices of aerobic power. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine's 6th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 22-25.

Dr. Allyn Byars, Kelly D. Schneider, Mandy C. Hesseltine (Angelo State University ), Dr. Warren K. Simpson (Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX), and Dr. Mike Greenwood (Baylor University, Waco, TX) EM-PACT consumed prior to exercise, enhanced aerobic performance compared to the nation’s leading sports drink in healthy subjects.*

Byars A, Schneider KD, Hesseltine MC, et al. (2007) Sports nutrition: comparing two sports drinks on aerobic performance. Appl Res Coach Athletics Ann 22:226-240.

Schneider K, Hessletine M, Greenwood, MA (2006) Comparison of two sport drinks on aerobic performance. Presented at the Annual International Society of Sports & Nutrition Conference, June 15-17.

Dr. Allyn Byars (Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX), Drs. Mike and Lori Greenwood (Baylor University, Waco, TX) and Dr. Warren K. Simpson (Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX) showed that, when consumed by healthy subjects instead of water prior to exercise, EMPACT™ sports drink enhanced indices of cardiorespiratory fitness (specifically VO₂max and time to exhaustion).*

Byars  A, Greenwood MGL (2006) The effectiveness of a pre-exercise performance drink (PRX) on indices of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 3: 56-59.

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OsoLean^® powder

Human Open-Label Trial

In a study conducted by Mannatech scientists and an independent statistician, eight weeks of OsoLean^® powder consumption significantly increased weight loss and waist inches lost, significantly decreased BMI and appetite, and improved quality of life.*

Sinnott RA, Maddela RL, Nelson ED, et al. (2009) Preliminary study on the effects of a calcium-rich whey protein supplement (OsoLean^® powder) on weight loss, waist circumference, and appetite in overweight subjects. Presented at the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine's 6th Annual Natural Supplements Conference, San Diego, California. January 22-25.

Sinnott RA, Maddela RL, Nelson ED, et al. (2009) The modifying effects of a calcium-rich whey protein supplement (OsoLean^® Powder) on weight loss and waist circumference in overweight subjects: a preliminary study. Open Nutraceuticals J 2:36-41.

Human Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Arm Study

Drs. Joy Frestedt and John Zenk (Minnesota Applied Research Center, Edina, MN), Michael Kuskowski (Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis, MN), and Loren Ward and Eric Bastian (Glanbia Research and Development Center, Twin Falls, ID) conducted this 12-week study on healthy subjects on a diet that reduced caloric intake by 500 calories/day. They showed that subjects who consumed a flavored and sweetened drink mix that contained the same peptide blend in OsoLean^® powder lost significantly more body fat and lost less lean muscle mass when compared with those consuming an isocaloric beverage.*

Frestedt JL, Zenk JL, Kuskowski MA et al. (2008) A whey-protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical study. Nutr Metab (Lond)  5(8):1-17.

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